Allergies Glossary: T-W
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This article is from the Health Articles series.
Allergies Glossary: T-W
T-Cell-Mediated Immune Response An immune system response in which T cells, a type of lymphocyte, are produced in order to orchestrate the destruction of antigens. T-cells cant recognize an antigen directly, the body must signal the antigens presence by engulfing it with a cell called a macrophage. The macrophage then releases chemical signals for the body to make more T-cells. This type of immune response takes about 36 hours to reach its full effect. Both hypersensitivity reactions and transplant rejections involve T-cell-mediated immune responses.
Tartrazine Tartrazine (C.I. Food Yellow No.4, FD & C Yellow No.5) is a food, drug and cosmetic coloring.
Tartrazine Sensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reaction to the food, drug and cosmetic coloring Tartrazine.
Trigger Foods Foods that cause an allergic response.
Triggers Something that acts like a mechanical trigger in initiating a process or reaction.
Thoracic Cage Bony structure formed by 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum (breastbone) and vertebrae (back bone).
Thorax The body between the neck and the abdomen; the chest.
Tissue A group or layer of similar specialized cells that perform specific functions.
Trachea Airway that connects the larynx to the lungs; also called the windpipe.
Urticaria Commonly known as hives, urticaria is characterized by red, itchy bumps that can appear anywhere on the body. The most common triggers for hives are allergies to drugs, food or latex.
Vein Blood vessel that carries blood to the heart. All veins carry oxygen-poor blood except the pulmonary vein and its branches, which carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The smallest veins are called venules.
Venous Blood Blood that has given up its oxygen to the tissues in exchange for carbon dioxide, which it then carries back to the lungs for gas exchange.
Ventilation Exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide at the alveoli.
Ventricle A chamber of the heart that pumps blood out. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen; the left ventricle pumps it into the aorta and then on to the rest of the body.
Virus Infectious agent composed of a protein coat around a nucleic acid core; viruses depend on living cells to reproduce.
Ventilation Exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide at the alveoli.
Ventilator A breathing machine that is used to treat respiratory failure by promoting ventilation; also called a respirator.
Vitamin C Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that aids in the formation of collagen and in the absorption of iron into the body. Vitamin C prevents oxidation (antioxidant) and helps in the healing of wounds. Major dietary sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, berries, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, green peppers and other green and yellow vegetables. Like most water-soluble vitamins, excess intake of vitamin C is excreted and not stored in the body. Vitamin C is sensitive to heat and oxygen and will leach out into cooking water.
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, is a water-soluble vitamin that aids in protein metabolism, the conversion of tryptophan (an amino acid) to niacin (vitamin B3), normal brain function, and the formation of red blood cells and antibody synthesis. Major dietary sources of pyridoxine include organ meats, meat, poultry, fish, whole grain and enriched breads and cereals, legumes (dried beans), potatoes and bananas. Like most water-soluble vitamins, excess intake of pyridoxine is excreted and not stored in the body. Pyridoxine is sensitive to heat and ultraviolet light.
Vitamin E This vitamin has received much attention in recent years due to its antioxidant properties. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin composed of compounds called tocopherols. The most active form of vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, is also the most widely distributed in nature. Vitamin E is important for cell health, the proper functioning of the immune system and prevention of fat oxidation. Major dietary sources include vegetable oils, wheat germ, whole-grain cereals, legumes, nuts, seeds, green leafy vegetables and eggs.
Wheezing Breathing with a rasp or whistling sound; a sign of airway constriction or obstruction.
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