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This article is from the soc.culture.australian FAQ, by Stephen Wales with numerous contributions by others.
There are no state income taxes. The States receive the bulk of their
revenue from distribution of general federal revenue according to a
"formula". [What is this formula?]. Traditionally NSW and Vic have
received less per capita than the other states. State governments are
limited in what they can do to raise state taxes: cigarette and
alcohol, payroll tax, death duties, ???. Charges for state services
and fees such as gas and electricity, motor registration. Victoria
currently has a $100 tax levied per "rate-able property", excluding
property used for primary production.
The State governments provide primary and secondary education. The
Federal Government pays totally for tertiary education, using a
technique known as "tied grants" to the states. The money appears
briefly in the State budgets, but cannot be put to any other use.[JB]
The State government has no role in the provision of non-hospital
health services. This is done independently by doctors. The State
governments do provide the "public" hospital services, but also under
a complicated funding system with the Federal government. [JB]
* Local taxes
Local city councils or shire councils in the country, raise money
through rates, basically property taxes on houses/land.
 
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