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Articles / TULARC / PC info / Hard Drives / WESTERN DIGITAL Hard Drives / |  |
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Hard Drive: WESTERN DIGITAL: 10100RTL 10141MB 3.5"/SL ATA3 ENHAN |
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1 0 1 0 0 R T L WESTERN DIGITAL
Native| Translation
------+-----+-----+-----
Form 3.5"/SLIMLINE Cylinders |16383| |
Capacity form/unform 10141/ MB Heads | 16| |
Seek time / track 10.0/ 1.0 ms Sector/track | 63| |
Controller IDE / ATA3 ENHANCED Precompensation
Cache/Buffer 512 KB ADAPTIVE Landing Zone
Data transfer rate 10.000 MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512
33.300 MB/S ext UDM33
Recording method 16/17,PRML operating | non-operating
-------------+--------------
Supply voltage 5/12 V Temperature *C 5 55 | -40 60
Power: sleep 0.8 W Humidity % 5 85 | 5 95
standby 1.3 W Altitude km |
idle 6.2 W Shock g 10 | 150
seek 9.9 W Rotation RPM 5400
read/write 6.2 W Acoustic dBA 34
spin-up 24.3 W ECC Bit REED SOLOMON,SMART
MTBF h 400000
Warranty Month
Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates
WESTERN AC310100 TECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDE 8/1998
+---------------------------------------------------------+ | |XX J2 | |XX Inter- | |XX face | |XX | |.X | |XX | |XX | |XX | |X1 | |+-+ | || |J8 | |+-1 | |XX J3 | |XX Power +---------------------------------------------------------+ 1
J2 J8 J3
+39------------------------------------1++5-3-1++-------+
|o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o||o o o||O O O O|
|o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o||o o o||4 3 2 1|
--+40------------------------------------2++6-4-2+++-+-+-++----
| | | +12V
(Pin 20 keyed) | | +- GND
| +--- GND
+----- +5V
WESTERN AC310100 TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL 8/1998
Jumper setting
==============
J8 Master/Slave/Cable Select Configuration
-------------------------------------------
+5-3-1+ Single (Neutral Position)
|xxx o| Factory default. The jumper in this position has no effect
|o o o| on single hard drive configurations.
+6-4-2+
+5-3-1+ Cable Select +5-3-1+ Master Drive
|o o X| option. |X o o| Configuration
|o o X| |X o o| (Dual Drives)
+6-4-2+ +6-4-2+
+5-3-1+ Slave Drive
|o X o| Configuration
|o X o| (Dual Drives)
+6-4-2+
The Caviar can be assigned as either a single, master, or slave
drive.
Jumper Settings
---------------
The Caviar drive has a jumper block (J8) located next to the 40-pin
connector on the drive. The Caviar can be assigned as either a
single, master, or slave drive.
Caviar drives are shipped with a jumper shunt in the neutral storage
position (across pins 5 and 3).
The additional foour pins on the 10-pin connector are RESERVED
for future use.
Single Drive Mode
- If you are installing the Caviar drive as the
only hard drive in the system, leave the jumper in the neutral
storage position. Jumpers are not required for single drive
installations. Note that even with no jumper installed, the Caviar
checks the DRIVE ACTIVE/SLAVE PRESENT (DASP) signal to determine if a
slave IDE drive is present.
If you have a dual installation (two hard drives), you must designate
one of the drives as the master and the other as the slave drive. The
jumper pins on the J8 connector need to be configured for the dual
installation.
Master Drive Mode -
To designate the drive as the master, place a jumper shunt on pins
5-6. With the Caviar configured as the master drive, the Caviar
assumes that a slave drive is present. The jumper on pins 5-6 is
optional if the slave drive follows the same protocol (Common Access
Method AT Bus Attachment) as the WD Caviar drive.
Slave Drive Mode
- To designate the drive as the slave, place a jumper shunt on pins
3-4. When the Caviar is configured as the slave drive, the Caviar
delays spin up for three seconds after power-up reset. This feature
prevents overloading of the power supply during power-up.
Cable Select (CSEL)
- Caviar also supports the CSEL signal on the drive cable as a drive
address selection. Place a jumper shunt on pins 1-2 to enable this
option. When enabled, the drive address is 0 (Master) if CSEL is low,
or 1 (Slave) if CSEL is high.
Do not install the CSEL jumper shunt when installing the Caviar drive
in systems that do not support the CSEL feature.
J3 DC Power and pin connector assignments
-------------------------------------------
+------------+ pin 1 +12 V
| 4 3 2 1 | pin 2 GND
+------------+ pin 3 GND
pin 4 + 5 V
Alternate Jumper Settings for Drives Larger than 2.1 GB
=======================================================
On initial boot, the system BIOs may lock up on drives that have
more than 4095 cylinders (driver larger than 2.1 GB). Alternate
jumper setting have been provided for the Caviar drives that are
larger than 2.1GB to overcome this system BIOS limitation. These
jumper settings cause the drive to report 4092 cylinders (instead of
the usual 8912, 6,296, 11,184, or 7752) in Word 1 of the Identify
Drive data.
The true capacity is still reported in Word 54 and Word 60-61. All
other Identify Drive data remains the same.
NOTE
Do not use these alternate jumper settings in Windows NT systems!
+5-3-1+ Single Drive +5-3-1+ Master Drive
|X X o| Configuration |X o X| Configuration
|X X o| |X o X| (Dual Drives)
+6-4-2+ +6-4-2+
+5-3-1+ Slave Drive
|o X X| Configuration
|o X X| (Dual Drives)
+6-4-2+
If these jumper settings are invoked, the cable select option is not
avaiable.
Carefully place the shunt.
Push the shunt into place until it is flush against the base of the
jumper block.
You will know if your system BIOS has this limitation after
installing your drive. On the initial boot your system may
a) lock up,
or b) show a much smaller drive capacity.
a) If your system does not respond after two minutes (i.e., locks
up), follow these steps:
1. Turn your system power off. Check the IDE interface and power
supply cables.
2. Check jumper settings.
3. Turn your system power on.
4. Try to enter your CMOS setup.
If your system still doesn't respond, it may be because you have a
system BIOS that doesn't support drives with more than 4095
cylinders. If this is the case, these solutions are available:
1. Use EZ-Drive. If your system locks up before you can enter CMOS,
you may need to turn your system power off and disconnect the IDE
cable from the system to access your CMOS setup.
Enter your CMOS setup. Refer to your system manual for instructions.
Select the Hard Disk Type option for the new Western Digital hard
drive.
Select a user defined drive type and enter: 1023 x 16 x 63.
Turn your system off and reconnect your IDE cable to the system.
These new settings will allow your system to boot so that you can
install EZ-Drive to access the full capacity of your drive.
- OR -
If you don't have the user defined drive type, use option 2 or 3
below.
2. Rejumper the drive and install EZ-Drive.
This option changes the parameters reported to the BIOS. In the
future, if you move this drive to another system, you must put the
jumper back to the standard position.
Note: These special jumper settings WILL NOT work for OS/2 Warp,
Novell NetWare, or UNIX.
- OR -
3. Upgrade your BIOS. A properly upgraded BIOS will support the
drive. Contact your system manufacturer the system BIOS
limitation.
WESTERN AC310100 TECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDE
Notes On Installation
=====================
Mounting the Drive
------------------
For dual installations, it is usually easier to completely install
one IDE drive in the lower position first. The order of IDE drives is
unimportant if you are using two Western Digital drives. As explained
previously, one must be jumpered as the master drive and the other as
the slave drive. When installation is complete, the drives are
daisy-chained together.
Orientation
-----------
The Caviar can be mounted in the X, Y, or Z axis depending upon the
physical design of your system. It is recommended that the drive be
mounted with all four screws grounded to the chassis.
horizontally vertically
+-----------------+ +--+ +--+
| | | +-----+ +-----+ |
| | | | | | | |
+-+-----------------+-+ | | | | | |
+---------------------+ | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+---------------------+ | +-----+ +-----+ |
+-+-----------------+-+ +--+ +--+
| |
| |
+-----------------+
The drive will operate in all axis (6 directions).
Screw Size Limitations
----------------------
The Caviar is mounted to the chassis using four 6-32 screws.
Recommended screw torque is 5 in-lb. Maximum screw torque is 10
in-lb.
Caution: Screws that are too long will damage circuit board
components. The screw must engage no more than six threads (3/16
inch). Side mounted screws should engage a maximum of .188 inches
(3/16"). Bottom mounted screws should engage a maximum of .250
inches (1/4").
Grounding
---------
It is recommended that the drive be mounted with all four screws in
the side grounded to the chassis. The drive must be grounded with at
least one mounting screw.
Side mounting: Use four metal screws.
Top face mounting: Use four metal screws.
Determining Your Configuration
------------------------------
You can configure the Caviar in one of two ways:
1. The drive is cabled directly to a 40-pin connector on the
motherboard, or
2. The drive is cabled to an adapter card mounted in one of the
expansion slots in the computer.
Both configurations use a 40-pin host interface cable.
If you are using the Caviar drive as one of two hard disk drives in
the computer (dual installation), you may use either configuration.
In dual installations, you must use a 40-pin host interface cable
with three connectors and daisy-chain the two drives to the
motherboard or adapter card.
Cabling and Installation Steps
------------------------------
Make sure your interface cable is no longer than 18 inches (including
daisy chaining) to minimize noise that is induced on the data and
control buses. When connecting two drives, use a daisy-chain cable
that has three 40-pin connectors. Connectors should be placed no more
than six inches from the end of the cable. If only one drive is
connected, it should be placed on the end of the cable.
Caution: You may damage the Caviar drive if the interface cable is
not connected properly. To prevent incorrect connection, use a cable
that has keyed connectors at both the drive and host ends.
Pin 20 has been removed from the J2 connector. The female connector
on the interface cable should have a plug in position 20 to prevent
incorrect connection. Make sure that pin 1 on the cable is connected
to pin 1 on the connectors.
The order in which you perform the following steps will vary
depending on your system.
1. Attach the end of the 40-pin interface cable to the 40-pin J2
connector on the back of the Caviar hard drive. For dual
installations, connect the two drives together by using a
three-connector interface cable. Match the orientation of pin
socket 1 on the 40-pin IDE cable to pin 1 on the connector.
2. Thread the cable through the empty drive bay and slide in the
Caviar drive.
3. Mount the Caviar drive in the drive bay using four 6-32 screws. Be
sure to use the correct size screws. Do not install the screws
past six threads (3/16 inch). Screws that are too long will
damage the Caviar drive.
For proper grounding be sure to use ALL four screws.
Interface Pin 39 HDASP (I/O) Drive Active/Slave Present
-------------------------------------------------------
This open collector output is a time-muliplexed signal indicating
drive active or slave present. At reset, this signal is an output
from the slave drive and an input to the master drive, showing that a
slave is present. For all times other than reset, HDASP- is asserted
by the master and slave drives during command execution.
WESTERN 8.4GB BARRIER
8.4 GB Capacity Barrier - 3.5-inch EIDE Hard Drives
----------------------------------------------------
Some system BIOSs and operating systems have limitations associated
with large capacity hard drives. There are several PC components that
have an EIDE hard drive capacity limitation at approximately 8.4 GB.
These limitations apply to any hard drive that reports an EIDE
capacity of 16320 cylinders x 16 heads x 63 sectors per track or
larger. The following is a discussion of how these limitations affect
the system BIOS Interrupt 13 functions, the operation of EIDE hard
drives, and operating systems.
System BIOS Interrupt 13 Functions
----------------------------------
Interrupt 13 (INT 13) Functions:
INT 13 Function 8 is the traditional method used by the system BIOS
to access hard drives using cylinders, heads, and sectors per track
(CHS). Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6 contain these values. The
maximum values the BIOS can report (1024 cylinders 256 heads, and 63
sectors) have been exceeded by the 8.4 GB and larger hard drive
capacities.
Because some operating systems do not function properly with 256
heads, all system BIOSs report a maximum number of 255 heads. There
are times when a hard drive is large enough that INT 13 Function 8
could report 1024 cylinders. However, it is common for only 1023
cylinders to be reported.
The remaining diagnostic cylinder is not made accessible through INT
13 function calls.
Extended INT 13 Functions:
To utilize the full capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB, the
system BIOS must use extended INT 13 functions. To recognize the full
capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB, extended INT 13 functions
use Identify Drive words 60 and 61 rather than words 1, 3, and 6.
Many system BIOSs do not support extended INT 13 functions. DOS 6.22
and earlier versions do not recognize or utilize these extended
functions even if they exist in the BIOS. Windows 95, Windows 98,
and boot disks created with Windows 95, are capable of utilizing
these functions and recognizing hard drives larger than 8.4 GB.
WDTBLCHK Version 2.00 and later can be used to determine if these
functions are present.
EIDE Hard Drives System BIOSs and operating systems check the
capacity of EIDE hard drives by issuing an Identify Drive command.
The hard drive reports the capacity in two ways:
1. The number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track (in words 1,
3, and 6).
2. The total number of addressable sectors (in words 60 and 61).
Most EIDE 8.4 GB hard drives report their capacity as 16383
cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors per track in Identify Drive
words 1, 3, and 6. This results in a total number of addressable
sectors of 16,514,064 (8455 MB). 8.4 GB is the largest capacity
that can be reported with words 1, 3, and 6 because the maximum
value these words can hold are 16383x16x63.
To determine the true capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4
GB, the system BIOS must access Identify Drive words 60 and 61 and
use the total addressable sectors.
System BIOS Limitations at 8.4 GB
---------------------------------
Many BIOSs do not properly support 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. We
recommend using EZ-Drive 9.06W or later. EZ-Drive 9.06W or later
supports extended INT 13 functions which allows the BIOS to access
the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. EZ-Drive 9.06W
can be downloaded from Western Digital's web site at
www.westerdigital.com
Some of the BIOS issues that may be encountered with 8.4 GB or larger
hard drives are: 1. Reporting 0 Heads in INT 13 Function 8.
Some BIOSs attempt to use translated geometry but incorrectly report
0 heads in INT 13 Function 8 instead of 255 heads. If Fdisk is run on
these systems, it initially appears to function normally. However, a
corrupted partition is created which incorrectly reports the drive
has 0 heads. DOS hangs, even when booted from a floppy, as soon as it
detects this partition.
To correct this issue: - Boot to a bootable non-DOS based floppy. EZ-Drive can be used for this purpose.
- Boot to the EZ-Drive diskette and set up the drive using EZ-Drive. This repartitions and formats the drive correctly so that the system can boot properly.
Failure to Translate or Reporting Much
--------------------------------------
Lower Capacities. Some BIOSs will not translate an 8.4 GB hard drive,
or will report a capacity significantly less than 8.4 GB. In some
cases, an 8.4 GB or larger drive causes INT 13 Function 8 to revert
back to what appears to be a 528 MB or less limitation. The solution
is to either obtain a BIOS upgrade if possible, or use EZ-Drive
9.06W.
Hang During Boot
----------------
Some systems hang after power on when auto-detecting an 8.4 GB hard
drive. This hang does not disappear until a less than 8.4 GB drive
type is selected in CMOS, making it impossible to utilize the full
capacity of the hard drive. The solution is to select a User Defined
type that is less than 8.4 GB, and use EZ-Drive 9.06W to set up the
hard drive.
POST Error During Boot
----------------------
In some systems with proprietary BIOSs you may encounter errors
during POST or a failure to boot properly. If this happens it may be
necessary to use the Alternate Jumper Settings shown below and set
up the hard drive using EZ-Drive. The Alternate Jumper Settings are
used to force the drive to report 4092 cylinders in Identify Drive
word 1, but still report the true capacity in words 60 and 61. This
allows EZ-Drive and the extended INT 13 functions to recognize
the true capacity of the hard drive.
240 Head BIOS Translation
-------------------------
Many BIOSs report a maximum of 240 heads in INT 13 Function 8, giving
a limitation of 7.9 GB (1024x240x63). Some of these BIOSs still
support extended INT 13 functions. Windows 95 and Windows 98, which
utilize the extended INT 13 functions, recognize the full 8.4 GB or
larger capacity. DOS 6.x and Windows 3.x are limited to 7.9 GB
because they do not utilize the extended INT 13 functions.
Operating System Limitations at 8.4 GB
--------------------------------------
1. DOS 6.x and Windows 3.x. These operating systems do not support
extended INT 13 functions so they are dependent on the INT 13
Function 8 BIOS limitation of the system.
DOS is limited to a maximum of 1024 cylinders, 255 heads, and 63
sectors per track (16,450,560 addressable sectors or 8423 MB).
Therefore, the maximum values DOS can recognize in Identify Drive
words 1, 3, and 6 are 16320x16x63 (8423 MB). DOS cannot utilize the
full capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB.
Single Drive Alternate Jumper Settings
--------------------------------------
Dual (Master) Drive Alternate Jumper Settings Dual (Slave) Drive
Alternate Jumper Settings
Windows 95 & Windows 98
-----------------------
Windows 95 and Windows 98 support extended INT 13 functions, and
therefore support 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. However, if the
system BIOS does not support extended INT 13 functions, then Windows
95 and Windows 98 are limited by the system BIOS's barrier and
cannot support the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives.
To ensure that Windows 95 and Windows 98 recognize the full capacity
of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives, the system BIOS must support
extended INT 13 functions.
Windows NT 4.0
--------------
Windows NT 4.0 recognizes the full capacity of hard drives up to the
8.4 GB limit in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6. Service Pack 3 is
required to recognize hard drives larger than 8.4 GB. Without Service
Pack 3, hard drives larger than 8.4 GB are treated as the capacity
shown in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6 regardless of what is
reported in words 60 and 61 (8.4 GB max.).
The first partition in Windows NT 4.0 is limited to 4 GB. During the
initial setup, it appears that the full capacity of the hard drive
is not recognized. After installing Windows NT, use the Disk
Administrator utility that comes with Windows NT to create additional
partitions to utilize the full capacity of the 8.4 GB hard drive.
Windows NT 4.0 does not require extended INT 13 functions to
recognize the full capacity of the hard drive. Windows NT operates
the same regardless of whether the extended INT 13 functions are
present.
OS/2 Warp 4.0
-------------
As of the date of this document, OS/2 Warp cannot be installed
properly with 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. IBM is currently
working on a patch to correct this.
Novell Netware 4.11
-------------------
Novell Netware 4.11 recognizes the full capacity of hard drives up to
the 8.4 GB limit in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6. Since Novell
does not check Identify Drive words 60 and 61, hard drives larger
than 8.4 GB are treated as the capacity reported in words 1, 3, and 6
(8.4 GB maximum).
Novell Netware does not use extended INT 13 functions, so it cannot
support larger than 8.4 GB hard drives.
Conclusion
----------
The limitations of your system BIOS and your operating system
combined determine your overall system limitation. For example, if
your operating system recognizes extended BIOS functions, but
your system BIOS has a 2.1 GB hard drive barrier, you are limited to
your system BIOS's 2.1 GB hard drive barrier. Conversely, if your
operating system does not recognize extended BIOS functions, but
your system BIOS supports 8.4 GB hard drives, you are limited to your
operating system's capability. Your system limitation is based on the
lowest functioning barrier.
To utilize the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives, your
system BIOS and operating system must support extended INT 13
functions. Since it is difficult to determine if your system
BIOS supports 8.4 GB or larger hard drives, we recommend using
EZ-Drive 9.06W or later. EZ-Drive 9.06W or later can determine
whether or not your system BIOS properly supports the full capacity
of your hard drive. If it does not, EZ-Drive installs EZ-BIOS on the
boot sector of the hard drive to support the full capacity of your
8.4 GB or larger hard drive. If your system BIOS supports your hard
drive, EZ-Drive does not install EZ-BIOS.
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